First、 Current situation and crisis of non renewable energy consumption
1.1 Global Energy Consumption Status
In 2022, the total global energy consumption will reach 600 exajoules (EJ), with a high proportion of fossil energy consumption. The daily consumption of oil has exceeded 100 million barrels, coal consumption has reached 8 billion tons of standard coal, and natural gas consumption has exceeded 4 trillion cubic meters. This high-intensity energy consumption pattern has led to a sharp decline in non renewable energy reserves.
1.2 Risk of resource depletion
According to BP World Energy Statistics, the world's proven oil reserves can only meet about 50 years of mining demand, natural gas reserves are about 53 years, and coal reserves are about 132 years. More seriously, as the difficulty of mining increases, the actual available reserves may be much lower than expected. The risk of resource depletion is threatening the sustainable development of the global economy and society.
1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment
The extensive use of non renewable energy sources has led to serious environmental problems. In 2022, global carbon dioxide emissions reached 36.8 billion tons, of which over 90% came from the combustion of fossil fuels. Greenhouse gas emissions have led to a continuous rise in global temperatures, frequent extreme weather events, and severe damage to ecosystems. In addition, the extraction and use of fossil fuels also cause environmental problems such as air pollution and water pollution, seriously endangering human health.
Second、 The Development Status and Advantages of Green New Energy
2.1 Main Green New Energy Technologies
Green new energy mainly includes solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. In 2022, the global installed capacity of renewable energy generation will exceed 3000GW, with solar photovoltaic installed capacity reaching 1000GW and wind energy installed capacity exceeding 800GW. These clean energy technologies are rapidly developing and their costs are continuously decreasing.
2.2 Technical and Economic Analysis
The economic viability of green new energy has significantly improved. The cost of photovoltaic power generation has decreased by 90% in the past decade, and the cost of onshore wind power has decreased by 70%, which is lower than the cost of fossil fuel power generation. Taking China as an example, the cost of photovoltaic power generation per kilowatt hour will decrease to 0.3 yuan/kWh in 2022, which is lower than the cost of coal-fired power. With the advancement of technology and large-scale application, the economic advantages of green new energy will be further highlighted.
2.3 Environmental Benefit Assessment
The environmental benefits of green new energy are significant. Every megawatt hour of renewable energy generation can reduce 0.5-1 ton of carbon dioxide emissions. In 2022, global renewable energy generation will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 2 billion tons. In addition, the use of green new energy can significantly reduce emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, improve air quality, and protect the ecological environment.
Third、 Development Trends and Challenges of Green New Energy
3.1 Global Development Trends
The global energy transition is accelerating. The European Union has set a goal of achieving a 40% share of renewable energy by 2030, the United States plans to achieve zero carbonization of its power system by 2035, and China has committed to achieving a 25% share of non fossil energy by 2030. It is expected that by 2030, global investment in renewable energy will reach $5 trillion, and installed capacity will exceed 10000 GW.
3.2 Technological development bottlenecks
Despite the rapid development of green new energy, it still faces some technological challenges. Breakthrough is needed in energy storage technology to address the intermittency issue of renewable energy; The construction of smart grid needs to be accelerated to improve the capacity of renewable energy consumption; Emerging technologies such as hydrogen energy and ocean energy require increased research and development efforts to expand the application of renewable energy.
3.3 Policy Support and Market Mechanisms
Promoting the development of green new energy requires sound policy support and market mechanisms. The government should increase research and development investment, improve subsidy policies, and establish a carbon pricing mechanism; Enterprises should strengthen technological innovation and reduce production costs; Financial institutions should innovate green financial products and provide financial support for new energy projects. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly energy market system.
The energy revolution is imperative, and the development of green new energy is a long and arduous task. Faced with the dual challenges of depletion of non renewable energy and environmental degradation, we must accelerate the pace of energy transformation and vigorously develop green new energy. This is not only an inevitable choice to address climate change, but also a necessary path to achieving sustainable development. Let us join hands to promote the energy revolution, jointly build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and create a better future for future generations.